MySQL is one of the best and globally used database. It will be good to learn the basic commands in Mysql to work interactively with the website and database servers. It is an GPL software as well as paid version is available with support. MySQL uses Structured Query Language (SQL-pronounced sequel), here i have listed mostly used commands  for requesting information from a database.  Mysql sends each SQL statement that you issue to the server to be executed.  Because of its fast performance, reliability, ease of use, and versatility in working with programming languages NASA, FedEx, Yahoo other big php application are using mysql as backend.

This is a list of handy MySQL mysql-textboxs that I use time and time again. At the bottom are statements, clauses, and functions you can use in MySQL. Below that are PHP  functions you can use to interface with MySQL.

Below when you see # it means from the unix shell. When you see mysql> it means from a MySQL prompt after logging into MySQL.

To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p

Create a database on the sql server.

mysql> create database [databasename];

List all databases on the sql server.

mysql> show databases;

Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;

To see database’s field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a db.

mysql> drop database [database name];

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value “whatever”.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = “whatever”;

Show all records containing the name “Bob” AND the phone number ‘3444444’.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = “Bob” AND phone_number = ‘3444444’;

Show all records not containing the name “Bob” AND the phone number ‘3444444’ order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != “Bob” AND phone_number = ‘3444444’ order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters ‘bob’ AND the phone number ‘3444444’.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like “Bob%” AND phone_number = ‘3444444’;

Show all records starting with the letters ‘bob’ AND the phone number ‘3444444’ limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like “Bob%” AND phone_number = ‘3444444’ limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use “REGEXP BINARY” to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE “^a”;

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on
lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES(‘%’,’username’,PASSWORD(‘password’));

mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password ‘new-password’

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ‘user’@’hostname’ = PASSWORD(‘passwordhere’);

mysql> flush privileges;

Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables.
Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop

# mysqld_safe –skip-grant-tables &

# mysql -u root

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD(“newrootpassword”) where User=’root’;

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> quit

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop

# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

Update a root password.

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword

Allow the user “bob” to connect to the server from localhost using the password “passwd”.
Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by ‘passwd’;

mysql> flush privileges;

Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES
(‘%’,’databasename’,’username’,’Y’,’Y’,’Y’,’Y’,’Y’,’N’);

mysql> flush privileges;

or

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;

mysql> flush privileges;

To update info already in a table.

mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = ‘Y’,Insert_priv = ‘Y’,Update_priv = ‘Y’ where [field name] = ‘user’;

Delete a row(s) from a table.

mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = ‘whatever’;

Update database permissions/privilages.

mysql> flush privileges;

Delete a column.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

Add a new column to db.

mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

Change column name.

mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

Make a column bigger.

mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

Delete unique from table.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

Load a CSV file into a table.

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE ‘/tmp/filename.csv’ replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,’ LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n’ (field1,field2,field3);

Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql mysql-textboxs to recreate all db’s.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword –opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

Dump one database for backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword –databases databasename >/tmp/databasename.sql

Dump a table from a database.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename > /tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

Restore database (or database table) from backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql

Create Table Example 1.

mysql> CREATE TABLE [table name] (firstname VARCHAR(20), middleinitial VARCHAR(3), lastname VARCHAR(35),suffix VARCHAR(3),officeid VARCHAR(10),userid
VARCHAR(15),username VARCHAR(8),email VARCHAR(35),phone VARCHAR(25), groups VARCHAR(15),datestamp DATE,timestamp time,pgpemail VARCHAR(255));

Create Table Example 2.

mysql> create table [table name] (personid int(50) not null auto_increment primary key,firstname varchar(35),middlename varchar(50),lastnamevarchar(50) default
‘bato’);

MYSQL Statements and clauses	String Functions	Date and Time Functions
ALTER DATABASE ALTER TABLE ALTER VIEW ANALYZE TABLE BACKUP TABLE CACHE INDEX CHANGE MASTER TO CHECK TABLE CHECKSUM TABLE COMMIT CREATE DATABASE CREATE INDEX CREATE TABLE CREATE VIEW DELETE DESCRIBE DO DROP DATABASE DROP INDEX DROP TABLE DROP USER DROP VIEW EXPLAIN FLUSH GRANT HANDLER INSERT JOIN KILL LOAD DATA FROM MASTER LOAD DATA INFILE LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE LOAD TABLE…FROM MASTER LOCK TABLES OPTIMIZE TABLE PURGE MASTER LOGS RENAME TABLE REPAIR TABLE REPLACE RESET RESET MASTER RESET SLAVE RESTORE TABLE REVOKE ROLLBACK ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT SELECT SET SET PASSWORD SET SQL_LOG_BIN SET TRANSACTION SHOW BINLOG EVENTS SHOW CHARACTER SET SHOW COLLATION SHOW COLUMNS SHOW CREATE DATABASE SHOW CREATE TABLE SHOW CREATE VIEW SHOW DATABASES SHOW ENGINES SHOW ERRORS SHOW GRANTS SHOW INDEX SHOW INNODB STATUS SHOW LOGS SHOW MASTER LOGS SHOW MASTER STATUS SHOW PRIVILEGES SHOW PROCESSLIST SHOW SLAVE HOSTS SHOW SLAVE STATUS SHOW STATUS SHOW TABLE STATUS SHOW TABLES SHOW VARIABLES SHOW WARNINGS START SLAVE START TRANSACTION STOP SLAVE TRUNCATE TABLE UNION UNLOCK TABLES USE	AES_DECRYPT AES_ENCRYPT ASCII BIN BINARY BIT_LENGTH CHAR CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH COMPRESS CONCAT CONCAT_WS CONV DECODE DES_DECRYPT DES_ENCRYPT ELT ENCODE ENCRYPT EXPORT_SET FIELD FIND_IN_SET HEX INET_ATON INET_NTOA INSERT INSTR LCASE LEFT LENGTH LOAD_FILE LOCATE LOWER LPAD LTRIM MAKE_SET MATCH AGAINST MD5 MID OCT OCTET_LENGTH OLD_PASSWORD ORD PASSWORD POSITION QUOTE REPEAT REPLACE REVERSE RIGHT RPAD RTRIM SHA SHA1 SOUNDEX SPACE STRCMP SUBSTRING SUBSTRING_INDEX TRIM UCASE UNCOMPRESS UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH UNHEX UPPER	ADDDATE ADDTIME CONVERT_TZ CURDATE CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURTIME DATE DATE_ADD DATE_FORMAT DATE_SUB DATEDIFF DAY DAYNAME DAYOFMONTH DAYOFWEEK DAYOFYEAR EXTRACT FROM_DAYS FROM_UNIXTIME GET_FORMAT HOUR LAST_DAY LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP MAKEDATE MAKETIME MICROSECOND MINUTE MONTH MONTHNAME NOW PERIOD_ADD PERIOD_DIFF QUARTER SEC_TO_TIME SECOND STR_TO_DATE SUBDATE SUBTIME SYSDATE TIME TIMEDIFF TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMPDIFF TIMESTAMPADD TIME_FORMAT TIME_TO_SEC TO_DAYS UNIX_TIMESTAMP UTC_DATE UTC_TIME UTC_TIMESTAMP WEEK WEEKDAY WEEKOFYEAR YEAR YEARWEEK
Mathematical and Aggregate Functions	Flow Control Functions/Command-Line Utilities	PHP API – using functions built into PHP with MySQL
ABS ACOS ASIN ATAN ATAN2 AVG BIT_AND BIT_OR BIT_XOR CEIL CEILING COS COT COUNT CRC32 DEGREES EXP FLOOR FORMAT GREATEST GROUP_CONCAT LEAST LN LOG LOG2 LOG10 MAX MIN MOD PI POW POWER RADIANS RAND ROUND SIGN SIN SQRT STD STDDEV SUM TAN TRUNCATE VARIANCE	CASE IF IFNULL NULLIF Command-Line Utilities comp_err isamchk make_binary_distribution msql2mysql my_print_defaults myisamchk myisamlog myisampack mysqlaccess mysqladmin mysqlbinlog mysqlbug mysqlcheck mysqldump mysqldumpslow mysqlhotcopy mysqlimport mysqlshow perror	mysql_affected_rows mysql_change_user mysql_client_encoding mysql_close mysql_connect mysql_create_db mysql_data_seek mysql_db_name mysql_db_query mysql_drop_db mysql_errno mysql_error mysql_escape_string mysql_fetch_array mysql_fetch_assoc mysql_fetch_field mysql_fetch_lengths mysql_fetch_object mysql_fetch_row mysql_field_flags mysql_field_len mysql_field_name mysql_field_seek mysql_field_table mysql_field_type mysql_free_result mysql_get_client_info mysql_get_host_info mysql_get_proto_info mysql_get_server_info mysql_info mysql_insert_id mysql_list_dbs mysql_list_fields mysql_list_processes mysql_list_tables mysql_num_fields mysql_num_rows mysql_pconnect mysql_ping mysql_query mysql_real_escape_string mysql_result mysql_select_db mysql_stat mysql_tablename mysql_thread_id mysql_unbuffered_query